MOTS-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial genome, involved in cellular metabolic regulation and adaptive stress responses. It interacts with nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling pathways, influencing enzymatic activity and molecular processes. This peptide demonstrates high stability in circulation, with a short half-life due to rapid enzymatic degradation. It undergoes proteolytic processing and clearance via renal and hepatic pathways, making it a subject of interest in mitochondrial and metabolic research.